Robust and easy to use, this essential tool allows wilderness travelers to orient the map and themselves to the landscape. Paddlers can also use an altimeter in barometer mode to keep an eye on the weather (see our blog How to: Pick an Altimeter).Ĭompass. The modern mountaineer tends to use an altimeter far more frequently than a compass. Today’s altimeter is a cell phone app or specialty watch that can measure air pressure or use GPS satellite signals or a combination of the two. With just one more scrap of data - a trail, a stream, a ridge, or a bearing to a known peak - climbers can often determine where they are. Referring to a topographic map and knowing your elevation solve half of the navigation equation, day or night, clear skies or foggy. Mountaineers have long understood the importance of knowing elevation for navigation. If your primary map is a fragile battery-driven electronic device, carry at least one redundant device and backup power, and always carry a printed topographic map as a backup.Īltimeter. Each climber should carry a physical topographic map protected in a case or resealable plastic bag - it is not fragile, needs no electricity, and provides both backup and the “big picture” about a region that cannot be replicated by written descriptions or a tiny screen. Maps synthesize a vast amount of information about a region that cannot be replicated by written descriptions or memory.
THE SUN ORIGIN MAP HOW TO
See a list of upcoming navigation courses so that you know how to use the tools listed below. Using multiple tools increases confidence in location and route, provides backup when tools fail, and increases situational awareness. Wilderness navigators need to carry these tools and know how to use them - if life is threatened, they need to be able to communicate with emergency responders. Today’s mountaineer carries five essential tools while navigating the backcountry: map, altimeter, compass, GPS device, and a personal locator beacon (“PLB”) or other device to contact emergency first responders. Modern tools have revolutionized backcountry navigation. The words in bold cover the ten:Įach essential is discussed in more detail below, as published in Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills, 9th Edition. As you head out the door, recite this limerick to make sure you have each of the Ten Essentials.
Extra clothes: sufficient to survive an emergency overnight.Extra water: beyond minimum expectation, or the means to purify.Shelter: carried at all times (can be a lightweight emergency bivy).Fire: matches, lighter and tinder, or stove as appropriate.First aid: including foot care and insect repellent (if required).Sun protection: sunglasses, sun-protective clothes, and sunscreen.Navigation: map, altimeter, compass,, ,.This brief list is intended to be easy to remember and serve as a mental pre-trip checklist. Add the needed digital and physical maps, the proper extra food, water, and clothes, and you’re ready to go. The first seven essentials tend to be compact and vary little from trip to trip, and can be grouped together to facilitate packing. Weather, remoteness from help, and complexity should be factored into the selected essentials. But remember that The Ten Essentials is a guide that should be tailored to the nature of the outing. Whatever your approach to equipment, a checklist will help you remember what to bring in the rush to get ready for a trip. Most members of The Mountaineers take along carefully selected items to survive the unexpected. Exactly how much equipment “insurance” should be carried is a matter of healthy debate. Mountaineers will not need every item on every trip, but essential equipment can be a lifesaver in an emergency.
Can you safely spend a night (or more) outside?Ĭertain equipment deserves space in every pack.Can you prevent emergencies and respond positively should one occur?.The list has always sought to answer two basic questions: Each of the nine editions of Freedom, as it is affectionately known, was written entirely by volunteers and reflects the collective wisdom of hundreds of outdoor skills instructors. This widely respected safety and packing system was formalized in the third edition of Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills, released in 1974. The Mountaineers Ten Essentials™ dates back to our climbing courses of the 1930s.
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